Kōanga & Ben Callander（ Kōanga 與本．卡蘭德）
對於大多數植物的健康而言，菌根真菌與植物根系之間形成的共生關係是關鍵組成部分。真菌不進行光合作用，而是依賴植物所捕捉的碳來茁壯成長。菌根真菌以一個廣大的地下纖維狀身體——菌絲體——的形式存在，它與活體植物的根系建立連接。由於這種纖維狀結構，菌絲體有潛力將植物獲取營養和水分的表面積擴大達到 100 倍以上，這對於植物的韌性和營養密度有巨大的影響。
The Role of Mycorrhizal Fungi:
菌根真菌的角色：
A key component of the health of most plants is the symbiotic relationship formed between mycorrhizal fungi and plant roots. Fungi don’t photosynthesize, instead they rely on the carbon captured by plants in order to thrive. Mycorrhizal fungi exists as a vast filamentous underground body called a mycelium which establishes a connection with the roots of living plants. Due to this filamentous structure the mycelium has the potential to expand the surface area of a plants access to nutrients and water by upwards of 100 times which has a huge effect on the resilience of the plants and their capacity to become nutrient dense.
對於大多數植物的健康而言，菌根真菌與植物根系之間形成的共生關係是關鍵組成部分。真菌不進行光合作用，而是依賴植物所捕捉的碳來茁壯成長。菌根真菌以一個廣大的地下纖維狀身體——菌絲體——的形式存在，它與活體植物的根系建立連接。由於這種纖維狀結構，菌絲體有潛力將植物獲取營養和水分的表面積擴大達到 100 倍以上，這對於植物的韌性和營養密度有巨大的影響。
Mutualistic Symbiosis (Some Friends Bring The Crackers, Others The Cheese)
互利共生（有些朋友帶來餅乾，有些帶來起司）
A metaphor for how the cooperation between plants, fungi and bacteria works: The bacteria are the workers in the mines gathering building materials, the fungi is the transport system conveying the goods and the plant is the structure built by the materials. The plant through photosynthesis provides carbon to feed the fungi, fungal exudates feed bacteria and bacterial enzymes dissolve rock. The minerals from the rock are now in a plant available form that can be transported by the fungi to feed the plant and strengthen the photosynthesis process; therefore all three organisms by benefitting the whole also benefit themselves! Holy logrolling Batman!
一個比喻，說明植物、真菌和細菌之間的合作方式：細菌是礦場中的工人，收集建築材料；真菌是運輸系統，傳送貨物；植物是由這些材料所建成的結構。植物透過光合作用提供碳來飼養真菌，真菌的分泌物飼養細菌，細菌的酶溶解岩石。岩石中的礦物質現在變成了植物可利用的形式，真菌可以將其運送到植物，以飼養植物並加強光合作用過程；因此，這三種生物通過使整體受益，也使自身受益！我的天哪，這真是聰明的合作！
Someday We’ll Find It, The Ramial Connection, The Gardeners, The Wood Chip and Me…
某天我們會找到它，樹枝碎片連結，園藝師，樹皮碎片和我…
In order to make a fungally dominated soil we are using Ramial Chipped Wood. The soluble lignins found in the smaller twiggy new growth of deciduous hardwood trees are a key part in building the humus rich soils of forest and forest edge ecologies as branches break and fall to the forest floor and young saplings yield to succession and fungi eat them… With Ramial Chipped Wood (chipped buds, shoots and twigs of less than 7cm diameter.) we can imitate this forest edge soil ecology to increase fertility and build carbon and fungi rich soils in our gardens.
為了製造一種以真菌為主的土壤，我們正在使用樹枝碎片木。落葉硬木樹新生的細小枝條中含有的可溶性樹質，是構建森林及森林邊緣生態系多腐殖質土壤的關鍵部分，當枝條斷裂掉落至森林地表，年輕的樹苗順應演替，真菌便分解它們……透過使用樹枝碎片木（直徑小於 7 公分的芽、枝條碎片），我們可以模擬這種森林邊緣土壤生態系，以增加肥力，並在花園中建立富含碳及真菌的土壤。
Important Considerations:
重要考量：
When making Ramial Chipped Wood it is crucial to stress the importance of using only the twigs shoots and buds as the majority of enzymes, minerals, proteins, amino acids and phytohormones are found in the new growth of trees. Also crucial is to make Ramial Chipped Wood from mainly deciduous trees as the ‘white rots’ associated with deciduous trees make fully available the lignins, cellulose, nutrients and minerals contained within. Fulvic and humic acids believed to be the key ingredients in the humus ‘cake’ are the result of this saprotrophic ‘white rot’ fungal frenzy. Avoid using conifers and other evergreen species as the ‘brown rots’ associated with them don’t fully break down the material and can work to suppress the plants we are wanting to nourish.
製作樹枝碎片木時，必須強調使用僅僅是樹枝、新芽和樹梢的重要性，因為絕大多數的酵素、礦物質、蛋白質、氨基酸和植物激素都存在於樹木的新生長部分。此外，製作樹枝碎片木時也必須主要使用落葉樹，因為與落葉樹相關的「白色腐爛」能讓其內含的木质素、纖維素、營養成分和礦物質完全釋放。被認為是腐殖質「蛋糕」中關鍵成分的富維酸和腐殖酸，正是由於這種分解者「白色腐爛」真菌的瘋狂活動而產生的。避免使用針葉樹和其他常綠種，因為與它們相關的「棕色腐爛」無法完全分解物質，甚至可能抑制我們想要營養的植物。
Ramial chipped wood has a balanced Carbon to Nitrogen Ratio of between 30/1 and 70/1 which can be digested easily by the soil food web. Trunks and larger wood have a much higher Carbon to Nitrogen Ratio and better used for firewood. If they are going to be used in the garden they must be thoroughly composted with a high nitrogen component otherwise they will tie up all the nitrogen in the soil and negatively affect plant growth.Pest challenges and disease issues are really about biological and nutritional deficiency. Ramial Chipped Wood contains all the nutrients in the right proportions to promote plant health and immunity.
樹枝碎片木的碳氮比在 30/1 到 70/1 之間，這個比例容易被土壤食物網消化。樹幹和較大的木材的碳氮比則高很多，更適合用來當柴火。如果要在園藝上使用，必須徹底堆肥，並加入高氮成分，否則會競爭土壤中的所有氮，對植物生長產生負面影響。害蟲挑戰和疾病問題實際上是生物學和營養缺乏的問題。樹枝碎片木包含所有促進植物健康和免疫力的營養成分，且比例正確。
Checklist for ideal material to use for Ramial Chipped Wood:
使用 Ramial Chipped Wood 的理想材料檢查表：
- -Deciduous is best. – 選擇落葉樹材為佳。
- -Dormant wood is preferable.
– 休眠木材較為理想。 - -No more than 20 percent evergreens in the mix.
– 混合材中常綠樹材比例不得超過 20%。 - -The smaller the branch the higher the nutrient proportion.
– 越是細小的枝條，營養比例越高。
Some strategies for using Ramial Chipped Wood:
使用樹枝碎片木的一些策略：
Mulch around trees in forest gardens and orchardsMulch the vegetable garden to create a fungal sanctuary, supporting mycorrhizal fungi in sustaining underground connections throughout the entire vegetable patch.Use as a soil amendment in the vegetable garden by adding 2-5 cm of ramial wood chip and fork it into the topsoil. It’s important to only do this in Autumn and to grow a nitrogen fixing crop in these beds over winter. Compost Ramial wood chip for several months until it has a rich earthy smell and you can you see the white mycelium, and then fork it lightly into the top layer of soil before planting out seedlings.
在森林花園和果園的樹木周圍覆蓋覆蓋物覆蓋蔬菜園以創造一個真菌庇護所，支持菌根真菌在整個蔬菜區域維持地下連接。將樹枝碎片作為蔬菜園的土壤改良劑，添加 2-5 公分厚的樹枝碎片並翻入表土。重要的是只能在秋季進行此操作，並在冬季在這些床子上種植固氮作物。堆肥樹枝碎片數個月，直到散發出濃郁的泥土香味，並可看到白色的菌絲，然後輕輕翻入種植幼苗前的表層土壤。
Our Hansa Chipper 我們的 Hansa Chipper
We are lucky enough to have a Hansa C13 Chipper that was donated to us by Hansa. Hansa are a New Zealand company and we are very happy with our robust, efficient and easy to use chipper.
我們很幸運擁有一台由 Hansa 捐贈給我們的 Hansa C13 Chipper。Hansa 是紐西蘭的公司，我們對這台堅固、高效且容易操作的 Chipper 非常滿意。