Public goods 這個詞我不會翻譯，但是，放在土地使用的範疇來說，這篇文章提到的：防洪、水質淨化、碳匯、生物多樣性增加、地景價值與娛樂文化活動…等等，這些是與「生態系統服務功能」相近。
In a land-use context, public goods include:
- flood protection
- water purification
- carbon sequestration (where carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere and the carbon is stored, often by new tree growth)
- biodiversity enhancement
- landscape value
- recreation opportunities.
SPICe will be publishing a research briefing later this week on the topic of public money for public goods.
Public goods have two characteristics, they are:
- Non-excludable. Their benefits cannot be confined to those who have paid for them.
- Non-rival. Consumption by one person does not restrict consumption by others.
Public goods are therefore subject to a problem where people can consume them without paying for their supply. This means that it is difficult or impossible to supply them for a profit, and causes their under-supply.
原始出處：https://spice-spotlight.scot/2018/11/26/land-use-policy-and-public-goods/